{"id":23780,"date":"2024-02-15T10:51:56","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T09:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esf-cat.org\/blog\/2024\/02\/15\/el-govern-espanyol-busca-limitar-la-sobirania-energetica-de-les-comunitats-autonomes\/"},"modified":"2024-02-15T10:51:56","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T09:51:56","slug":"el-govern-espanyol-busca-limitar-la-sobirania-energetica-de-les-comunitats-autonomes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/esf-cat.org\/es\/blog\/2024\/02\/15\/el-govern-espanyol-busca-limitar-la-sobirania-energetica-de-les-comunitats-autonomes\/","title":{"rendered":"El govern espanyol busca limitar la sobirania energ\u00e8tica de les comunitats aut\u00f2nomes"},"content":{"rendered":"

El govern espanyol busca limitar la sobirania energ\u00e8tica de les comunitats aut\u00f2nomes<\/h1>\n

El Tribunal Constitucional admet a tr\u00e0mit un recurs del Govern central contra un decret-llei aragon\u00e8s d\u2019impuls de la transici\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica. La sent\u00e8ncia marcar\u00e0 la l\u00ednia de fins on poden regular les comunitats aut\u00f2nomes aquesta mat\u00e8ria i pot limitar l\u2019abast de futures normes, com la llei de transici\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica de Catalunya.<\/h2>\n

Article del company Josep Babot, jurista, membre d’Enginyeria Sense Fronteres (ESF) i de la Xarxa per la sobirania energ\u00e8tica (Xse) publicat a Xarxanet.<\/em><\/p>\n

El Tribunal Constitucional va fer p\u00fablica el passat dimarts l\u2019admissi\u00f3 a tr\u00e0mit d\u2019un recurs interposat pel President del Govern central contra un decret-llei aragon\u00e8s<\/a>. La norma en q\u00fcesti\u00f3 regula mesures urgents per a l\u2019impuls de la transici\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica i el consum de proximitat a l\u2019Arag\u00f3. La futura decisi\u00f3 del tribunal<\/strong> pot marcar els l\u00edmits competencials de les comunitats aut\u00f2nomes<\/strong> a l\u2019hora de regular mesures de transici\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica<\/strong> al seu territori. Tamb\u00e9 cal destacar que el fet que qui hagi presentat el recurs sigui el propi Govern central<\/strong>, i no un conjunt de diputats o senadors -com \u00e9s m\u00e9s habitual-, \u00e9s una decisi\u00f3 que deixa clar el posicionament de l\u2019executiu de Pedro S\u00e1nchez<\/strong>, i especialment de la Ministra de Transici\u00f3 Ecol\u00f2gica, Teresa Ribera.<\/p>\n

En primer lloc, \u00e9s necessari remarcar que l\u2019efecte m\u00e9s immediat de l\u2019admissi\u00f3 a tr\u00e0mit del recurs \u00e9s la suspensi\u00f3 de la vig\u00e8ncia de la m\u00e9s d\u2019una quinzena d\u2019articles impugnats<\/strong>. \u00c9s a dir, els articles recorreguts no es podran aplicar fins que no s\u2019emeti la corresponent sent\u00e8ncia, quan podrien ser anul\u00b7lats definitivament. La suspensi\u00f3 no \u00e9s un efecte autom\u00e0tic per la presentaci\u00f3 del recurs, sin\u00f3 que el Govern central l\u2019ha hagut de demanar expressament.<\/p>\n

En el recurs presentat, el govern espanyol manifesta que el text aragon\u00e8s envaeix compet\u00e8ncies exclusives de l\u2019Estat. Concretament, sobre les bases i coordinaci\u00f3 de la planificaci\u00f3 general de l\u2019activitat econ\u00f2mica i sobre les bases del r\u00e8gim miner i energ\u00e8tic<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

El contingut dels articles impugnats: Consum de proximitat, xarxes de distribuci\u00f3 tancades i comunitats energ\u00e8tiques<\/h3>\n

El recurs pret\u00e9n l\u2019anul\u00b7laci\u00f3 de 16 preceptes<\/strong> del decret-llei aragon\u00e8s, entre articles i disposicions addicionals i transit\u00f2ries. A continuaci\u00f3, recollim els m\u00e9s destacats.<\/p>\n

Consum de proximitat<\/strong>. El decret-llei defineix el concepte i estableix que els projectes d\u2019aquesta tipologia podran declarar-se com a prioritaris. B\u00e0sicament, s\u2019ent\u00e9n com a consum el\u00e8ctric de proximitat \u201ctot aquell que, mitjan\u00e7ant l\u00ednies directes, a trav\u00e9s de qualsevol modalitat d\u2019autoconsum […], mitjan\u00e7ant contractes de compra d\u2019energia o altres f\u00f3rmules que permetin articular el subministrament d\u2019electricitat vinculi plantes de producci\u00f3 d\u2019energia a partir de fonts renovables amb consumidors finals d\u2019electricitat […], tots ells dins del territori d\u2019Arag\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n

L\u00ednies directes<\/strong>. La norma regula abastament aquesta figura. Primer, el text la defineix com aquella l\u00ednia d\u2019electricitat que connecta els seg\u00fcents punts: a) un lloc de generaci\u00f3 a\u00efllat amb un client a\u00efllat; b) un productor i una empresa comercialitzadora per abastir directament les seves pr\u00f2pies instal\u00b7lacions, filials i clients a trav\u00e9s de l\u2019autoconsum; i c) una instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de generaci\u00f3 propera de xarxa interior amb un o m\u00e9s consumidors en r\u00e8gim d\u2019autoconsum. A continuaci\u00f3, el decret-llei estableix les diferents tipologies de l\u00ednies directes com els criteris per a la seva autoritzaci\u00f3 administrativa.<\/p>\n

Autoconsum<\/strong>. El text regula tamb\u00e9 les instal\u00b7lacions properes de producci\u00f3 a efectes d\u2019autoconsum, tot establint el dret de productors i consumidors a construir i operar l\u00ednies directes que se situ\u00efn \u00edntegrament en territori aragon\u00e8s, aix\u00ed com a establir i operar xarxes interiors per establir sistemes d\u2019autoconsum, sigui quin sigui el seu nivell de tensi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Comunitats energ\u00e8tiques<\/strong>. El decret-llei defineix la figura de les mancomunitats d\u2019energia -entitats de segon grau formades per comunitats energ\u00e8tiques i altres persones o entitats amb objectius compartits-. A m\u00e9s, estableix que aquestes mancomunitats podran desenvolupar les mateixes activitats que les comunitats. Per altra banda, introdueix la figura de les mancomunitats d\u2019energia locals -aquelles en les quals participin entitats locals- i llista el conjunt d\u2019activitats que podran desenvolupar les comunitats energ\u00e8tiques.<\/p>\n

Xarxes de distribuci\u00f3 tancades<\/strong>. El govern aragon\u00e8s inclou la definici\u00f3 d\u2019aquesta figura, que b\u00e0sicament correspon a aquelles xarxes que distribueixen electricitat en una zona industrial, comercial o de serveis compartits, redu\u00efda geogr\u00e0ficament i que no subministra a clients dom\u00e8stics. En tot cas, es consideraran xarxes de distribuci\u00f3 i es regiran per la normativa estatal.<\/p>\n

Garantia d\u2019efici\u00e8ncia ambiental i econ\u00f2mica de plantes de producci\u00f3<\/strong>. El text estableix la possibilitat que els excedents d\u2019energia generada per les instal\u00b7lacions de producci\u00f3 amb m\u00e9s capacitat instal\u00b7lada que d\u2019acc\u00e9s es puguin redirigir a l\u2019impuls del consum de proximitat. Tamb\u00e9 s\u2019inclouen algunes mesures per a l\u2019autoritzaci\u00f3 d\u2019infraestructures complement\u00e0ries d\u2019instal\u00b7lacions de producci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Agregaci\u00f3 de demanda<\/strong>. El decret-llei regula la gesti\u00f3 i agregaci\u00f3 de demanda. Cal destacar en aquest sentit la possibilitat per part del Govern aragon\u00e8s d\u2019establir obligacions m\u00ednimes de gesti\u00f3 per als sistemes d\u2019acumulaci\u00f3 d\u2019energia el\u00e8ctrica (bateries), per als grans consumidors o pels propis agregadors de demanda.<\/p>\n

Exempci\u00f3 del tr\u00e0mit d\u2019autoritzaci\u00f3 administrativa pr\u00e8via<\/strong>. Per als casos d\u2019autoritzaci\u00f3 de plantes de producci\u00f3 a partir d\u2019energia e\u00f2lica, aix\u00ed com altres fons renovables, el text pret\u00e9n la simultane\u00eftat dels tr\u00e0mits d\u2019autoritzaci\u00f3 administrativa pr\u00e8via i el de construcci\u00f3 i que el primer no sigui requisit previ per poder efectuar el segon.<\/p>\n

En l\u00ednies generals els preceptes impugnats no tenen un impacte immediat sobre procediments o activitats concretes, sin\u00f3 que defineixen un conjunt de figures perqu\u00e8 en un futur es puguin desenvolupar reglament\u00e0riament des de l\u2019Arag\u00f3 alguns tr\u00e0mits i mesures associats a aquestes figures. \u00c9s destacable, per exemple, l\u2019intent de definici\u00f3 de les comunitats i mancomunitats energ\u00e8tiques<\/strong>, una figura introdu\u00efda per la Uni\u00f3 Europea en una directiva de 2018 i que, m\u00e9s de cinc anys despr\u00e9s, encara no ha estat desenvolupada per l\u2019Estat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Un recurs amb potencials efectes sobre la resta de territoris<\/h3>\n

El recurs interposat pel Govern espanyol vol deixar molt clar fins on vol que puguin intervenir les comunitats aut\u00f2nomes en el proc\u00e9s de transici\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica i la conformaci\u00f3 d\u2019un model energ\u00e8tic propi. Cal remarcar doncs que la decisi\u00f3 final del Tribunal Constitucional, no nom\u00e9s tindr\u00e0 efectes sobre el decret-llei aragon\u00e8s recorregut<\/strong> -el qual pot acabar amb setze articles anul\u00b7lats-, sin\u00f3 que establir\u00e0 els l\u00edmits en la mat\u00e8ria a la resta de territoris<\/strong>, com pot ser el cas de la llei de transici\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica de Catalunya -actualment nom\u00e9s en fase d\u2019avantprojecte i pendent d\u2019iniciar el tr\u00e0mit parlamentari-. El Govern central ha optat doncs per la via del centralisme energ\u00e8tic<\/strong>. Caldr\u00e0 veure si el Constitucional refor\u00e7a aquesta posici\u00f3 i limita encara m\u00e9s la sobirania energ\u00e8tica dels territoris que conformen l\u2019Estat.<\/p>\n

Fotografia: Freepik<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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